Operating System (OS)

An operating system (OS) is the software that manages a computer's hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. 1    

Here's a breakdown of its key functions:

• Resource Management:

  • CPU Scheduling: Determines which programs get to use the processor and for how long, ensuring fair resource allocation.

  • Memory Management: Allocates and deallocates memory to programs, preventing conflicts and maximizing efficiency.

  • Device Management: Controls the interaction between the computer and peripheral devices (like printers, keyboards, and network cards).

  • File System Management: Organizes and manages files and directories on storage devices.

• User Interface:

  • Provides a way for users to interact with the computer, such as through a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command-line interface (CLI).

• Security:

  • Implements security measures to protect the system from unauthorized access and malicious software.

• Software Execution:

  • Creates an environment where programs can run effectively and interact with the hardware.

Examples of Popular Operating Systems:

• Windows: Developed by Microsoft, widely used on personal computers and servers.

• macOS: Developed by Apple, used on Apple computers.

• Linux: A family of open-source operating systems, known for its flexibility and versatility.

• Android: A mobile operating system used on many smartphones and tablets.

• iOS: A mobile operating system used on Apple devices like iPhones and iPads.

In essence, the operating system is the foundation upon which all other software runs. It provides the essential framework for a computer to function effectively and interact with users and applications.